Bad Effect on Agriculture and Fishery Area of Bangladesh

Because mentioned previously, the actual economic climate associated with Bangladesh is dependent on Farming primarily, along with 2 thirds from the population involved (directly or even indirectly) upon Farming actions; even though nation is attempting proceed in the direction of industrialization gradually over the last 1 . 5 10 years nearly. Therefore, the entire effect associated with Environment Alter upon Farming manufacturing within Bangladesh will be endemic as well as damaging for that country’s economic climate. The actual fisheries field has additionally skilled a detrimental impact due to the effects associated with Environment Alter.

Bad Effect Overview of Agriculture Sector

Agriculture is the most important sector of Bangladesh economy due to its role in food security, employment and livelihood. The current share of agriculture to GDP is around 21%, although this share has been declining in the last ten years along with the one of the agricultural sub sectors. Still more than 70% of the people in Bangladesh are directly or indirectly employed in this sector.

The agriculture of Bangladesh is dominated by crops which accounts about half of total agricultural GDP Fisheries & livestock are also important sub-sector contributing to agricultural GDP. There are, however, substantial year to year fluctuations in these rates and it is most pronounced in case of crops.
Agriculture Sector given to the economy of Bangladesh a large number of contributions. This are presented below:

Sector/  Sub- Sector	YEAR
	2000-1	2001-2	2002-3	2003-4	2004-5	2005-6	2006-7	2007-8
Agriculture	25.03	23.99	23.47	23.08	22.28	21.85	21.37	20.88
Crops	14.7	13.75	13.43	13.23	12.51	12.28	12	11.7
Livestock	2.95	2.96	2.93	2.91	2.95	2.92	2.88	2.79
Forestry	1.87	1.88	1.86	1.83	1.82	1.79	1.76	1.75

 Growth of non rice crops in Bangladesh during 1971 to 2007:

Food Items	Percent/Year (1971-2007)
Wheat	-2.9
Pulses	0.3
Oil crops	2.3
Potatoes	3.0
Vegetables	1.5
Fish	2.5
Meat	2.3
Milk	2.3
Egg	4.0

But Agriculture is strongly interrelated with climatic factors. Temperature, which is one of the main factors of climate, is closely associated with agricultural production. Within agriculture, rice manufacturing is suffering from deviation within temperature. Enter article entire body here. Climate change will increase the temperature, which will bring changes in rice farming activities and affect crops yields.

Various studies indicate that a rise of 10C to 20C, in combination with lower solar radiation, causes sterility in rice spikelets, and high temperature was found to reduce yields of HYVs of aus, aman and boro rice in all study locations and in all seasons in Bangladesh (Bangladesh National Adaptation Program of Action 2000). As temperature has an influence on plants, temperature change will modify rate of pollination and flower blooming, seed distribution, plant growth etc., as a result production of rice, wheat, and maize will decrease.

Climate change will act as a factor for sea level rise in the costal regions of Bangladesh. This can cause a rise in salinity within water as well as soil within the coastal areas. Growth of standing crops (like rice, jute, sugarcane etc.) will be affected due to soil salinity, and this will limit overall crop production in the costal regions as well as make the soil unsuitable for many potential crops.

Bangladesh is an agro-economy based developing country. There is no doubt that its agriculture will be badly affected by the climate change. Reduction in farming would improve many interpersonal problems, as well as force the actual import associated with food, that will require investing of difficult currency. In this respect, the government, the people of Bangladesh, and international bodies will have to work unitedly to face the climate change problem.

Bad Effect on Fisheries Sector

Fish is the second most valuable agricultural crop in Bangladesh and its production contributes to the livelihoods and employment of millions of people. The particular culture and usage of fish as a result has crucial implications regarding national revenue and foods security. Bangladeshi people are popularly referred to as “Mache Bhate Bangali” or “fish and rice makes a Bengali”.

The amount of fisheries sector contributes to the economy of Bangladesh; a tiny figure is given below:

Year	Frozen shrimp/Prawn				Frozen Fish (Others)		Dry Fish
	Quantity	Value (core)	Quantity	Value (core)		Quantity	Value (core)
1992	19224	604.03	2704	38.31		1042	12.26
1995	25225	1106.39	8827	176.62		521	8.39
2000	29713	1885.15	9484	137.19		215	3065
2005	46533	2281.6	15763	256.20		272	3071
2009	50368	2744.12	19294	450.89		341	11.99

Despite these contributions, this field is experiencing failures due to adverse weather conditions. Sea level rise would change the location of the river estuary, causing a great change in fish habitat and breeding ground. Sea level rise would turn this interface backward, changing habitat of prawn. There are 60 shrimp hatcheries and 124 shrimp processing plants in the coastal zone (Haque, 2003). The actual hatcheries can be found at Teknaf, Ukhia as well as Sadar thana associated with Cox’s Bazar area. As the actual zone is susceptible to sea degree rise, shrimp hatcheries as well as shrimp fields will also be vulnerable towards the phenomena.

On the other hand, sea amount rise can be helping shrimp producing by bringing out salinity inside coastal place, but it is usually harmful. If we consider another sea level rise phenomena, for instance flooding; it is doing massive harm to the sector by overflowing shrimp pond and let the shrimps to set free in open water. A flood, which ravaged the southwestern part of Bangladesh in 2000 caused damage or losses of at least US$500 million to crops, fish farms, property and infrastructure. The shrimp sector was the most affected sector, losing shrimp fields of equivalent US$230 million (CNN, 2000). After the flood, representative of Bangladesh Frozen Foods Exporters Association expressed that flood hits the shrimp sectors seriously.

 

If we search the cause-impact relationships of sea level rise and coastal fisheries of Bangladesh, as described in the following causal loop diagram, we see that coastal fisheries are affected by sea level rise in three ways; by salinity, by flooding and by increasing cyclone frequency and damage. These three factors collectively decrease the coastal fisheries. Fisheries are the main protein source for the coastal people of Bangladesh. So, decreased coastal fisheries would cause protein scarcity among the coastal populace that ultimately causes health hazards. Poor health status will gear up poverty in the coastal area. At the same time poverty will boost up health hazards because of lacking sufficient medicine, health care and nutrition. If the coastal fisheries decrease, it will hinder Bangladesh from earning foreign exchange, as because the frozen food industry, the second largest foreign exchange earner sector of Bangladesh, is dependent on coastal fisheries. Insufficient foreign exchange earning will also increase poverty. The floodplain and marine fisheries are under serious threat from overfishing.

The Buriganga river that flows through the capital city is the most polluted river in the country, many parts of which have already turned coal black. In addition to these normal and substance events, limited financial sizes, poor sources management and not enough research facilities may also be responsible regarding underperformance with the fisheries market and environmentally friendly degradation. Researchers have shown that poor management of prawn and shrimp culture is having devastating effects on the Sundarbans (the largest mangrove forest in the world) where an estimated 9700 household of the forest-mass has been lost as a result of intense shrimp farming. Salted in impediment of water flows and also decreased the scope of migration for many fish species. There are 21 government fisheries service centers in the coastal zone. These centers facilitate the fishery sector with fuel supplies, landing, whole sale, icing, inland transportation and other activities with an aim to improve the yield of the sector.

Conclusion

Agriculture and fisheries sector contributes to the economy of Bangladesh is always great. Changes in the environment due to the destruction of two large sectors occur every year. Sea level rise impacts are really high for Bangladesh, though the country plays very little role in green house gas emissions, leading to climate change and sea level rise. Therefore, Bangladesh government need to pay keen attention to the issue and should develop strategy to combat sea level rise impacts and thus safe its citizen. Bangladesh is not self-sufficient to face such a large scale problem, either. So, global initiative should be taken to save the country, as it is a global problem, to a greater extent.